{"id":8879,"date":"2023-09-07T09:11:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T07:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/spatial-audio-was-ist-das-und-wie-funktioniert-der-3d-sound\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T20:45:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T18:45:49","slug":"spatial-audio-how-does-the-3d-sound-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/en\/spatial-audio-how-does-the-3d-sound-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How Does Spatial Audio Work and What is 3D Sound?"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/og-spatial-audio-was-ist-das-und-wie-funktioniert-der-3d-sound_1200x630.jpg","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image-id":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/og-spatial-audio-was-ist-das-und-wie-funktioniert-der-3d-sound_1200x630.jpg","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image-id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[136,144],"class_list":["post-8879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unkategorisiert","tag-all-dof-en","tag-basics-en"],"acf":{"remove_from_blog_overview":false,"alternative_title":"","previewimg":8861,"text":"Spatial audio? Heard of it? Chances are good that you\u2019ve stumbled across it before. Some know it from gaming, some from movies or [link id=\"5087\" text=\"VR sound design\"]. In fact, a reference to the topic is popping up from all directions right now \u2013 rightly so, in my opinion!\n\nApple\u2019s spatial audio has popularized the concept of spatial audio in consumer electronics, making it a household term.\n\nMe, that is Martin Rieger, also known as VRTonung (vrtonung.de), probably one of the biggest enthusiasts in this field. Someone who already said to himself years ago \u201cthe topic is so crass, I don\u2019t want to do anything else\u201d. Nevertheless, the topic is so new and there are many myths buzzing around this technology.\n\nThe most fantastic marketing terms quickly come up \u2013 \u201c[link id=\"6343\" text=\"immersive audio\"]\u201d, \u201c[link id=\"11770\" text=\"Dolby Atmos\"]\u201d, \u201c3D, 360\u00b0\u201d, \u201c[link id=\"871\" text=\"8D sound\"]\u201d , \u201c[link id=\"2652\" text=\"3d audio\"]\u201d, \u201c3d sound\u201d or \u201cthe music revolution\u201d etc.. After all, you want to sell new software or hardware. But we\u2019re going to do a deep dive today, look at sound from all angles and then know the most important basics, so we can look and listen in the next article to see where this is just gimmicky or really makes sense. But let\u2019s take three steps back.\n\n##What does spatial audio mean? The practical side, panning against room information, is in [link id=\"11025\" text=\"how spatialization actually works\"].\n\nThe principle is simple. Spatial audio describes a playback method that makes it possible to hear sound not only from the front left and right (as with normal stereo sound), or from behind (as with surround sound), but also above or below. Unlike traditional stereo, spatial audio creates an immersive experience by incorporating height and depth, allowing sounds to be perceived as coming from various directions, including above, behind, and beside the listener. Spatial audio technology enhances this experience by using advanced features like the TrueDepth camera for tuning performance and better understanding of head and ear geometry, providing a precise and immersive listening experience. This adds a new, third dimension and audio element to the spatial room acoustics. Spatial audio also uses sound attenuation to mimic how we naturally hear sounds in 3D space, recreating how sound waves are shaped by our skull and ears for a more realistic perception through headphones.\n\n#3daudio #3dsound #3dlistening #immersivesound #spatialsound #spatialaudio\n\nWhy should that be a game changer now? Well, we humans always hear in three dimensions. We know what it sounds like when someone is standing behind us and talking to us. We don\u2019t have to see the person for that. And now it is technically possible to reproduce this natural sound impression artificially.\n\n###How does spatial audio work?\n\nThrough filters that mimic your own hearing. The signal is processed with an HRTF, the transfer function describing how head, shoulders and outer ears colour a sound before it reaches the eardrum. Your brain reads the result as a direction rather than as a loudspeaker, so the sound appears to sit in the room.\n\n###Finding the right words\u2026\n\nIn this context, people also like to talk about \u201cimmersive audio\u201d. An enveloping sound that is so natural that we humans feel really comfortable in this digital reality. We virtually immerse ourselves in the artificial world and forget everything around us (and bit like the immersion in VR glasses, only related to the sound). Ideally, however, all senses are included in the immersion. However, as we know, you can get very far with good image quality and sound in most media.\n\nA spatial audio mix combines different audio elements to create an immersive experience, with sounds appearing to come from various directions and even above the listener\u2019s head.\n\nBut if you will, even a stereo mix or even mono can be \u201cimmersive\u201d if the content is well done. Immersive audio experiences often rely on incredibly subtle psychological tricks to enhance the illusion of space and realism, making listeners feel as if they are truly surrounded by sound. At the disco, people still get sucked into the music \u2013 even if it doesn\u2019t have more than two audio channels. That\u2019s why I prefer to say \u201c3D audio\u201d, because it somehow implies a technology is available that you can somehow hear around you.\n\nSound is not only heard \u2013 it can be felt: [link id=\"10993\" text=\"VR haptic suits make audio physically tangible\"].\n\n###Apple Spatial Audio is more than Apple Music\n\nApple also does it this way, in English they call it \u201cSpatial Audio\u201d. This is often translated back here as \u201cspatial sound\u201d. But you can see that there is not yet complete agreement, so let\u2019s see what they say in a few years. And Apple\u2018s spatial audio feature doesn\u2019t work with any device. You\u2019ll need compatible hardware and software such as a current iOS device, supported headphones and a supported app. Apple\u2019s incredibly popular headphones, such as AirPods Pro, are key devices for spatial audio, and Apple has been continuously adding spatial audio features through software updates, APIs, and system-level support to enhance immersive, positional audio experiences. To set up [link id=\"5654\" text=\"personalized spatial audio\"], you need an iPhone 10 or later and compatible AirPods or Beats headphones. To create a personalized spatial audio profile, you must have your AirPods connected and follow the setup instructions in the settings app. In general it does work best on Apple devices with spatial audio support.\n\nThe AirPods 3rd generation support Apple\u2019s spatial audio with [link id=\"4216\" text=\"dynamic head tracking\"], creating a three-dimensional audio experience that adjusts based on the movement of the user\u2019s head or the position of the iPhone or iPad.\n[image id=\"8682\"]\n\nYou can experience spatial audio on iOS devices if you turn on the spatial audio icon in your volume control center. This also works with volume control on a Macbook Pro, or newer iPad models. You can enable Dolby Atmos in Apple Music by going to the Music settings and selecting \u201aAlways On\u2018 under the Dolby Atmos section. It basically applies directional audio filters, makes spatial audio worth a try.\n\n##Dolby Atmos and Audio Formats\n\nWhen it comes to spatial audio, one name you\u2019ll hear again and again is Dolby Atmos. This revolutionary audio format has truly changed the way we experience immersive audio, both at home and on the go. Unlike traditional surround sound, which places audio in fixed channels around the listener, Dolby Atmos introduces a height dimension\u2014meaning sounds can move not just around you, but also above and below. This is achieved through object-based audio, where each sound is treated as an individual \u201cobject\u201d that can be precisely positioned anywhere in 3D space.\n\nWhat does this mean for your ears? Imagine hearing raindrops falling from above, or a helicopter flying overhead, with pinpoint accuracy. Dolby Atmos makes this possible, whether you\u2019re using a full home theater system, a soundbar, or even a pair of compatible headphones. It\u2019s a cornerstone of modern spatial audio, powering immersive experiences in everything from blockbuster movies to your favorite streaming music on Apple Music.\n\nDolby Atmos is supported across a wide range of devices, making it easier than ever to enjoy spatial audio at home or on the move. Whether you\u2019re watching a film on your Apple TV, listening to music on Apple\u2019s spatial audio-enabled headphones, or gaming with a surround sound setup, Dolby Atmos ensures that every sound is placed exactly where it should be for maximum realism. In the world of spatial audio, Dolby Atmos is the gold standard for creating truly immersive audio experiences.\n\n##How to listen to 3D sound? How does spatial audio work?\n\nOne of the reasons why this audio technology is only slowly becoming mainstream is that it can sometimes be quite difficult to enjoy the 3D audio sound at all. There are two possibilities. One has never really caught on (loudspeakers). The other is something everyone has: compatible headphones.\n\nExisting audio-only platforms, such as voice assistants and gaming experiences, currently have limitations in grounding audio in the physical world and do not fully leverage spatial audio capabilities.\n\nTo enable spatial audio on iOS devices, open the Control Center and look for the spatial audio controls. You can switch between different modes and enjoy compatibility with stereo, mono, and Dolby Atmos audio. Spatial audio works in all apps that play media on compatible devices, but does not work on third-party conferencing or VOIP apps.\n\n###5.1 surround sound is what again?\n\nFirst of all, the speakers. Honestly, not even 5.1 surround has really made its way into the living room. This setup is an example of multi channel surround sound, a traditional approach for creating immersive audio experiences in movies and entertainment. As the name suggests, you would need a total of five speakers, which you place in front of the left, center and right, as well as in the back on the left and right. In addition, there is a sixth speaker in the form of a subwoofer, also called LFE, so that you not only hear explosions in the whole movie theater, but also feel them.\n\nSounds all kind of impractical \u2013 it is. From the speakers you not only need the space, you also need to pull cables across and should have a room that is at least a bit acoustically adjusted. For 3D audio, you need even more speakers. Here, 7.1.4 is just becoming the quasi-standard for recording studios. That\u2019s right, at least 12 speakers are being installed in the studio on the wall or ceiling.\n\nAnother approach is Ambisonics, a technique that captures audio from all directions and is often used in VR and 360-degree video.\n\n###Soundbars to the rescue\n\nFor consumers, all this is not quite reasonable, but there is already a remedy in the form of soundbars. These elongated speakers are usually placed under or in front of the TV, where there is usually enough space. But this space is used as efficiently as possible, because there are actually several built in speakers, into these speakers. A few face forward \u2013 where the couch is in the average living room. But some of the speakers fire to the side \u2013 or even upwards. Modern sound systems use advanced technology to position audio precisely in 3D space, creating an immersive experience that goes beyond traditional surround sound.\n[image id=\"8867\"]\n\nHuh, so past us? Right, but the target is actually your walls or ceiling, where the sound is reflected and we the people watching a movie on the couch, it sounds like you actually have speakers hanging on the ceiling, or to the side of you. The device measures itself and your room with all audio settings at startup. This way, it knows approximately where your walls are and eliminates the so-called room modes, i.e. frequencies where your room could sound dull. This is also referred to as beamforming or virtual speakers. Dynamic rendering adjusts the distribution of audio objects based on the listener\u2019s specific hardware setup, ensuring optimal spatial audio performance.\n\nWhat doesn\u2019t work so well yet is the \u201cfrom behind\u201d, because you have to play the sound over the band twice here. Therefore, the package is sold with two additional speakers and a subwoofer for bass lovers. Now you just have to pay attention to how many speakers are installed in the soundbar, like 5.1.2 or even 9.1.6. In fact, you can say here: A lot helps a lot, the more the better. If it also says Dolby Atmos, chances are good that you can connect the device directly to your smart TV via HDMI and get that cinema feeling at home via streaming services. But do not use the TV speakers as support, but let the home theater system work through the soundbar function.\n\n###Netflix as an exceptional case\n\nNetflix recently announced a partnership with Sennheiser\u2019s Ambeo to make the streaming and personalized spatial audio experience accessible to all customers who want to experience personalized spatial audio without special hardware. With the integration of [link id=\"5913\" text=\"Netflix Spatial Audio\"], various titles can now be enjoyed in an even more immersive way, some may even have Dolby Atmos support. Spatial audio technologies are also improving existing audio content, making it possible to enhance the realism and immersion of voice conversations and other audio experiences on virtual and social platforms. The integration of spatial audio into existing platforms can improve the quality of voice conversations in social applications.\n[image id=\"8859\"]\n\nA custom signal processing algorithm maintains dialogue integrity and adds a sense of spaciousness to the surround sound, without artificial reverberation or room sounds. Netflix tested this option for over two years and had it approved by sound engineers for the streaming catalog. It\u2019s really exciting to see what the future of the [link id=\"2744\" text=\"streaming audio\"] experience looks like \u2013 and it\u2019s all thanks to the Netflix app.\n\nIf you want to watch the currently available movie titles with [link id=\"8879\" text=\"3D spatial audio\"] compatible headphones on, just search for \u201cSpatial Audio\u201d on Netflix and dive into a new era of streaming! You don\u2019t need any extra setting, just set the right series in the browser and enjoy it at your favorite volume\n\n###Smart speaker\n\nThese homepods often use a similar principle. They understand where they are in the room and try to use this situation as well as possible. Nevertheless, the usage is usually quite different. While soundbars are mostly used under the TV for movies, smart speakers are usually placed in the room and are best suited for music or podcast playback. Spatial audio is now supported by streaming services like Apple Music and Amazon Music, allowing users to experience immersive sound directly from their smart speakers.\n\nThe interaction between compatible devices is usually different. Mostly, a voice assistant is integrated, which you blithely tell your wishes. In the hope that he or she understands what you want. In reality, this doesn\u2019t work perfectly, but it can be easier than manually navigating to the desired audio content on your smartphone. We all know the hype about ChatGPT, so we can only hope that smart speakers can now really call themselves \u201csmart\u201d.\n\nAdditionally, the audio version of AR frameworks is becoming more relevant in smart speakers. These frameworks use spatial audio features to enhance mixed reality experiences, integrating APIs that enable more realistic and immersive audio interactions with head tracking and spatial awareness.\n\nBut back to the topic of surround sound: I was allowed to supervise a bachelor thesis, where my student wanted to find out why there are actually several speakers in a smart speaker. Simply put, the device wants to sound bigger than it is. And indeed, with the right 3D audio content, the box no longer sounds like it looks. Sure, the sound still tends to come from one direction, but with the next generation, you can pair multiple devices together and be enveloped in sound even better.\n[image id=\"8225\"]\n\n###Headphones with 3D Audio\n\nI\u2019m more of a headphone guy. For the simple reason that everyone has a stereo pair of headphones \u2013 probably more than one. Many think that you need special headphones to support spatial audio, but that\u2019s not true. They show the later listening examples and how our spatial hearing works.\n\nDifferent headphones can play spatial audio, including models like the Apple AirPods Pro, Sony WH-1000XM4, and Bose QuietComfort 35 II. This means that a huge infrastructure is already in place to play back 3D spatial audio content well. The only prerequisite is that the content in question must be available binaurally (we\u2019ll get to how that works in a moment). Or that the content is converted to two channels in real time by the playback device (as with Dolby Atmos). The problem is that often where it says spatial audio, it doesn\u2019t really is spatial audio. 3D spatial audio with dolby atmos tracks is not a seal of quality and is often used as a marketing label. Even Dolby Atmos playback does not mean \u201cthat sounds great\u201d. There are simply some contents that work better or worse in 3D. It\u2019s a bit like 3D movies: it\u2019s fun for action, but it doesn\u2019t always make sense for quieter genres. Just like 3D audio with dolby atmos doesn\u2018t make sense for any type of music. It makes less sense for hiphop and more sense for movie soundtracks.\n\nI recommend over-ear headphones for listening pleasure. Simply because the sound is then generated as far away from the eardrum as possible. Experience has shown that this works somewhat better than when the sound is generated in the eardrum, as with earbuds, and thus has to travel little distance through our hearing apparatus. As a sound engineer, I am a fan of headphones with a linear frequency response, these distort the audio the least. But as I said, you don\u2019t really have a particular model.\n\nWell, unless you want that certain something. And that is dynamic head tracking in this case. Dynamic head tracking utilizes sensors to track head movement and adjust the soundscape accordingly. For example, head tracked spatial audio uses motion sensors in headphones like AirPods Pro to create immersive, positional sound experiences. Apple is introducing the headphone motion manager as a new feature, enabling developers to access headphone-specific motion data for head-tracked spatial audio experiences. This allows apps that are already playing audio to integrate headphone motion data with spatial audio APIs, enhancing the realism and immersion, especially when combined with ARKit and camera-based world tracking. The dynamic head tracking technology is already built into all Apple devices, and the competition has already followed suit. Apple\u2019s commitment to spatial audio includes integrating it into their devices and services, making it accessible to a wide user base. But what do you hear? This question will be answered in detail in the next article. In fact, the manufacturers themselves usually don\u2019t know. This is not so bad, because they have already built a hardware infrastructure that can still be adapted on the software side with exciting applications or content afterwards.\n[image id=\"8847\"]\n\n##Applications of Spatial Audio\n\nSpatial audio isn\u2019t just a buzzword\u2014it\u2019s transforming how we experience sound across a variety of fields. In gaming, spatial audio creates immersive worlds where you can hear footsteps sneaking up behind you or the distant roar of an engine, making gameplay more engaging and realistic. For entertainment, spatial audio brings movies and music to life, letting you feel like you\u2019re right in the middle of the action or the concert hall.\n\nBut the applications go far beyond fun and games. In education, spatial audio is being used to build interactive learning environments, helping students visualize complex concepts or languages by placing sounds in distinct locations. Healthcare is another exciting frontier: spatial audio can create calming soundscapes for patient relaxation, or help in therapy and rehabilitation by simulating real-world environments.\n\nVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are perhaps the most natural homes for spatial audio, where realistic, 3D sound is essential for full immersion. Whether you\u2019re exploring a virtual museum, participating in a group voice chat app, or navigating a spatial AR audio experience, spatial audio cues help orient you and make digital worlds feel tangible. As spatial audio tech continues to evolve, expect to see it pop up in even more innovative applications, from immersive theatre design to fostering natural voice conversations in remote workspaces.\n\n##Spatial hearing\n\nSpatial hearing is fascinating and lets us experience the world around us in 3D. But how can we do that with just two ears? It\u2019s all a matter of timing and intensity. Our ears hear sound waves from the environment in different ways, depending on where the different sounds come from. The brain processes these differences through a mechanism called sound localization. Sound localization refers to the brain\u2019s ability to identify the location of a sound source based on timing and intensity differences between ears. This allows the brain to create a personalized spatial audio map that tells us where a sound is coming from. It\u2019s an incredibly complex process, and yet we manage it effortlessly and without even realizing it. High sound quality is crucial in creating an immersive spatial audio experience.\n\nThree factors play the biggest role in how our brain derives peak performance from comparing left and right ears.\n\n- ITD: interaural time difference: time delay\n\n- ILD: interaural level difference: level difference\n\n- HRTF: Head related transfer function (more on this later).\n\n###Example\n\nIt all sounds a bit abstract, so let\u2019s take a quick example. Let\u2019s imagine we are standing on a street and hear a car honking from the right. Then the sound reaches the right ear first, before it reaches the left ear (ITD). After all, the right ear is closer to the car, even if it is only 17-20 centimeters. In addition, the sound is also louder on the right ear than on the left, because the head shades the sound event like a small wall. And last but not least, the horn has a different frequency response on both, which is due to the shape of our pinna. While on the right the sound can enter the ear canal quite easily, on the left the sound is refracted around our head and captured by the pinna. In the process, the frequencies change.\n[image id=\"8853\"]\n[newsletteroptin text=\"Understand spatial audio and 3D sound \u2013 subscribe to the newsletter!\"]\n\n###Air upwards\n\nSo what our brains do in real time all our lives, software algorithms are now trying to recreate \u2013 that\u2018s how spatial audio works. To achieve this, a few different algorithms are used to simulate realistic sound localization, often relying on HRTF techniques. These algorithms simulate the physical effects of the listener\u2019s anatomy\u2014such as the shape of the ears and head\u2014on sound, allowing for accurate localization of sound sources. So the tools always ask themselves: I have so-and-so many 3D objects in my virtual space \u2013 how would that sound to two human ears now. This process is also called binauralization. This makes it possible to hear 3D spatial audio with just two ears \u2013 even on standard headphones. Complex algorithms can also enable virtualization or upmixing, creating a wider soundstage even with standard stereo content.\n\nThis is the simple principle, but as you can imagine, these algorithms are not only CPU-hungry, but also only approximately correct. For example, every person has a different ear shape and head size, which is why the calculation usually only renders with average numbers. But if the renderer knows what your own ears look like, it can be adjusted. This is called personalized HRTF, and in fact Apple was one of the first to make the setup process of taking pictures of your own ears socially acceptable. From these, a 3D model is provided that refracts sound exactly as it happens for each individual person.\n\n###In-head localization\n\nLet\u2019s move a bit away from technology and towards perception. What spatial audio wants to create via headphones is precisely the impression that the sound is happening around us and that we are more or less at the center of the action. But isn\u2019t that always the case?\n\nNot quite, because I\u2019m going to tell you a problem that you didn\u2019t know was a problem. When you listen to a podcast on headphones, for example, that is a mono signal, what happens on the headphones is this. The signal is output on the left and right channels at the same time. As a result, the sound arrives at the eardrum at the same time, if we turn spatial audio around here in mono, it doesn\u2018t change anything. This means that the difference in level, time and frequency is 0, which leads our brain to the logical conclusion: the sound must be in our head. In fact, this is called in-the-head localization.\n[image id=\"8845\"]\n\nIn the head what?! Sounds abstract, so just watch the following video and put on headphones: 3D Audio Demonstration. So mono is always perceived in the middle of our head via headphones. Even if you work with stereo, you can only turn the sound source to the left or right, but our brain still knows that the sound comes from the headphones. Traditional stereo audio files are static and do not adapt when the listener moves, which is especially noticeable in virtual reality or augmented reality applications. There are microphone methods like the ORTF, which, like an artificial head, makes use of a distance between two microphones. With this, a certain spatiality can already be achieved via stereo \u2013 you kind of [link id=\"8237\" text=\"spatialize stereo\"].\n\nAnalog binaural recordings are another method for capturing natural stereo sound that mimics spatial positioning, but these recordings are also static and do not adapt to head movement. Binaural rendering, on the other hand, simulates a 3D effect through standard headphones by incorporating timing and volume differences between the ears.\n\nBut only when the three parameters of spatial hearing are fulfilled does the feeling really arise that the sound is coming \u201cfrom outside\u201d. I also like to say that it feels like you\u2019re not wearing headphones at all. It has happened to me many times that I have listened to 3D content through headphones, but thought the sound was coming from my speakers and wanted to take the headphones off again. Which left me sitting in a silent recording studio and realizing: the speakers weren\u2019t even on and the headphones were tricking me. That\u2019s the magic of 3D audio.\n\n##How is 3D sound created?\n\nTo produce sound that appears to come from specific locations in 3D space, there are two main approaches. One is to produce spatial audio using traditional analog techniques, such as binaural recording, where microphones are placed in mannequin heads to capture a natural 3D soundscape. The other is to use digital sound generation and processing, where software applications\u2014especially for VR and AR headsets\u2014dynamically create spatial audio by simulating how sound interacts with the listener\u2019s position and movement.\n\nSound engineering plays a crucial role in both methods, ensuring that the spatial audio experience is immersive and realistic. While digital processing often relies on algorithms like HRTF modeling to simulate spatial sound, spatial audio manually setting\u2014such as manually placing microphones or configuring audio channels\u2014remains an alternative, though less common, approach.\n\nAdditionally, object-based audio treats sounds as independent objects with specific 3D coordinates, rather than fixing them to traditional audio channels, allowing for more precise and flexible spatial placement within a sound environment.\n\n###Hardware: Microphones\n\nRecording 3D sound is nothing new, by the way. Some of you may be familiar with artificial head recordings. These are classic examples of traditional analog methods, where binaural audio recordings are made using microphones placed in a mannequin head to mimic the human hearing apparatus\u2014complete with ears. This approach is a foundational technique in traditional binaural audio production, capturing immersive 3D soundscapes that are highly realistic when listened to on headphones. The prime example of how such a microphone can be used creatively is the Virtual Barbershop. But ASMR also like to use a similar one and get millions of views with it: is.gd\/virtual_barbershop\n\nSound artist Janet Cardiff is renowned for her use of traditional binaural audio production in her immersive NYC audio walk, \u201eHer Long-Black Hair,\u201c where binaural audio soundscapes create a magical, location-specific auditory experience that blurs the line between reality and fiction. These binaural audio soundscapes are powerful tools for storytelling and emotional engagement, especially in public spaces.\n[image id=\"8865\"]\n\nUnfortunately, such a dummy head has a big disadvantage: What works great on headphones, does not work at all when played back on speakers. Feel free to make a comparison yourself. To record sounds three-dimensionally in such a way that they also work well on loudspeakers, other methods are suitable. For example Ambisonics or ORTF-3D from SChopes or the Sennheiser Ambeo VR Micro. \u00a0Here 4, 8 or more microphones point in all directions, a bit like a 360\u00b0 camera where several lenses form a sphere. If you want an overview of current GE councils, I have compiled one [link id=\"888\" text=\"here, neatly arranged\"]: vrtonung.de\/360-mikrofone-3d-audio-recording-overview\n\nOnce this sound field has been captured, it can usually be reproduced quite flexibly afterwards on 1, 2, 4 or 8 loudspeakers placed around you. But you can already guess that this is a bit unwieldy. And what if I want to create scenes to which I can\u2019t just drag a microphone array. Or locations that don\u2019t even exist on Earth?\n\nIt\u2019s also worth noting that Apple decided to license Dolby Atmos technology to create its Spatial Audio experience, which is designed to work with various devices, including headphones, smart speakers, and home theater systems.\n\n###Software: Spatializer\n\nHere comes the second variant, which makes it possible to create spatial audio content: Namely with the appropriate software, often called \u201cSpatializer\u201d. There are various plugins that take a mono signal as input and place it in an artificial space, e.g. right behind us, coming from above. So with these directional audio filters the sound suddenly gets three-dimensional information. Now the software only has to convert the signal in real time in such a way that it creates directional spatial audio with filters and the illusion via headphones that it is located exactly at this position. The free IEM Suite from the Graz University of Applied Sciences could be used for this.\n\nWhen developing visual AR apps, frameworks like ARKit or ARCore are essential to enable world awareness, fixed object positioning, and head tracking, which are crucial for immersive augmented reality experiences. VR and AR headsets integrate spatial audio and head tracking technology to create realistic, dynamic sound environments that adapt to the listener\u2019s movements. For a truly immersive experience, it is important to have a sound source fixed in the virtual environment, so that it remains stationary relative to the listener even as they move their head. Software spatializers can dynamically adjust sound positioning based on head tracking data, maintaining the spatial illusion. Additionally, dynamic rendering adjusts the distribution of audio objects based on the listener\u2019s specific hardware setup.\n\nIf you want to use multiple speakers, the software needs to know what kind of configuration you are using. For example 5.1, 7.1, or 7.1.4 (seven speakers on the horizontal, one subwoofer, 4 speakers hanging from the ceiling). Again, this calculation happens in real time and you can have a mono object flying around your head in three dimensions. Probably the best known software is Dolby Atmos. It is at the end of the day a panner (the knob that you can turn either left or right in stereo), except that now you also have two additional controls for front\/back and up\/down.\n[image id=\"8857\"]\n[image id=\"8863\"]\nThat gives us everything we need, doesn\u2019t it? Not quite. So far, we\u2019ve simply moved a sound around in a virtual space. But which space at all? That\u2019s the sticking point, because for simplicity\u2019s sake we\u2019re simply assuming an anechoic chamber here. However, this means that the headphone playback only works semi-well. Dolby artificially adds a studio\/cinema reverb. Otherwise, you get the feeling that the sound sources are very close to your head movement, but are not spatial.\n\n##Benefits and Advantages\n\nSo, what\u2019s the real difference spatial audio makes? The benefits are both immediate and profound. First and foremost, spatial audio delivers a truly immersive audio experience, surrounding you with sound that feels natural and lifelike. Unlike traditional stereo audio recording, which can feel flat or confined, spatial audio creates a sense of space and direction, making it easier to pinpoint where each sound is coming from.\n\nThis added dimension doesn\u2019t just make things more exciting\u2014it also improves clarity and intelligibility. In group voice chat apps or crowded audio scenes, spatial audio helps you differentiate similar sounding voices or sounds, reducing listener fatigue and making conversations feel more natural. For music lovers, spatial audio can reveal new layers and details in familiar tracks, while for movie fans, it brings cinematic soundscapes right into your living room.\n\nAnother major advantage is personalization. With features like head-related transfer functions and dynamic head tracking, spatial audio can be tailored to your unique ear shape and head movements, creating a customized listening experience. Whether you\u2019re using Apple\u2019s incredibly popular headphones or certain Bose headphone models, spatial audio adapts to you, not the other way around. The result? A more engaging, comfortable, and enjoyable way to hear sounds\u2014no matter what you\u2019re listening to.\n\n##The Future of Audio Technology\n\nThe future of audio technology is nothing short of thrilling, with spatial audio leading the charge into new realms of immersive audio experiences. As spatial audio tech explodes in popularity, we\u2019re seeing rapid advancements in both hardware and software. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being harnessed to create personalized audio profiles, adapting sound in real time to your preferences and environment.\n\nOne of the most exciting developments is the use of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and dynamic head tracking. These technologies allow spatial audio to be finely tuned to each listener, simulating how sound waves interact with your unique head and ears. The result is a spatial audio scene generated just for you, making audio experiences more realistic than ever before.\n\nVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are set to benefit enormously from these innovations. As more apps and devices support spatial or positional audio, users will be able to turn their heads and have the audio scene respond naturally, just like in the real world. This is already happening in modern audio production techniques, immersive theatre design communities, and even in audio recording and post-production, where spatial audio features are being added to improve existing audio content.\n\nLooking ahead, expect spatial audio to become a standard feature in gaming, entertainment, education, and healthcare. From fostering natural voice conversations in group chat apps to creating visually stunning spaces with spatial AR audio, the possibilities are endless. As more platforms support sending motion data and augmenting headphone motion data, and as manual computer vision work gives way to smarter algorithms, the immersive experience will only get better.\n\nIn short, the future of audio technology is all about immersion, personalization, and innovation. Spatial audio is at the heart of this revolution, promising to transform the way we hear\u2014and feel\u2014sound in every aspect of our lives.\n\n##Conclusion spatial audio\n\nIn summary, 3D audio is an innovative and exciting technology that allows us to create complex, immersive and realistic soundscapes. I hope this article has clarified the most important questions, because we will build on these basics in the next article when it comes to applications.\n\nYou still have questions? No problem! I\u2019m really excited to hear what people have always wanted to know about the topic. Are you ready to start your own journey with 3D audio technology? Stay tuned for the next article where we dive deeper into this fascinating technology.\n\nContact me!\n\n###Let's talk about your project\n\nAre you working on a VR experience and the audio still feels flat?\n\n[link id=\"155\" text=\"Get in touch \u2192\"]\n","related_articles":[2971,3776,3446]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Spatial Audio Works: 3D Sound Explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How spatial audio actually works: what turns two channels into a room, why 3D sound needs more than a filter, and what your ears do with it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/en\/spatial-audio-how-does-the-3d-sound-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Spatial Audio Works: 3D Sound Explained\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How spatial audio actually works: what turns two channels into a room, why 3D sound needs more than a filter, and what your ears do with it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vrtonung.de\/en\/spatial-audio-how-does-the-3d-sound-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"VRTONUNG - 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